Composite yarn and fabric made of or containing such yarn



June 17, 1941. A. s. BELL ETAL COMPOSITE YARN AND FABRIC MADE OF OR CONTAINING SUCH YARN Filed Oct. '3, 1939 5R L L N m E BAN 81 AW FIG. 6

Patented June 17, 1941 COMPOSITE YARN AND FABRIC MADE OF OR CONTAINING SUCH YARN Angus Smith Bell and William Campbell Angus, Spondon, near Derby, England, assiguors to Celanese Corporation of America, a corporation of Delaware In Great Britain November 9, 1938 Application October 3,1939, Serial No. 297,671

13 Claims (01. 57-144) This invention relates to composite yarns, and fabrics of or containing such yarns.'

Composite yarn according to theinvention comprises a predominating component consisting of one or more voluminous crimped yarns of continuous filament origin doubled, by a substantial amount of doubling twist, with a base thread, the length of said predominating component being substantially greater than the length of said base thread, and a binding thread doubled about the assembly of the predominant component and the base thread. The voluminosity of the predominating component may be imparted thereto by false twisting a continuous filament yarn to a high or'comparatively high degree in the presence of a setting agent (see, for example, U. S. Patents Nos. 2,089,198, 2,089,199 and 2,111,211 for methods of imparting crimps or crinkle to cellulose acetate or other cellulose derivative yarns by false twisting in the presence of steam) or by boiling flat filament cellulose derivative yarns.

The voluminous component, which may consist of one or more yarns in accordance with the bulk desired, is fed intermittently to a base thread, and doubled therewith with a substantial amount of twist and a binding thread is doubled about the assembly, preferably with a moderate degree of twist in the reverse direction, so that the final composite thread exhibits large flakes of the voluminous yarn held firmlyto the base thread by the binding thread. Preferably, the voluminous yarn amounts to about 70 or 80% or so by weight of the total weight of the composite yarn, due regard beingv had, however,'to the provision of suflicient strength by way of the base and binding threads for the use to which the composite yarn is to be put. Preferably,. the binding thread has a fairly high twist, and, for this purpose a crepe thread may be used. The base thread may be of any suitable characteristics, for example 'a relatively low twist continuous filament thread may be used, e. g. a thread of cellulose acetate, but advantageously a stretched or a stretched and saponified cellulose acetate thread may be employed as the base, thus permitting adequate strength being obtained without undue weight in the base thread.

' A further feature of the invention comprises fabrics made of or containing the composite as above described. These fabrics employ a special type of weave, the principle of which is to give the composite yarns a series of long floats, together with a compact interlacing between thefloa'ts. The composite yarns may be in the warp or weft or both, and may comprise the totality of the warp and/or weft or may be used in conjunction with other types of yarn.

By way of example, the construction of the type of yarn according to the invention, and some forms of fabric construction for utilising the yarn will now be described in greater detail with reference to the drawing accompanying the provisional specification, in which 1 Fig. 1 shows diagrammatically the construction of the yarn;

Figs. 2-5 show weaving diagrams suitable for fabrics containing the composite yarn in both warp and weft; and

Figs. 6 and 7 show weaving diagrams suitable for use with the composite yarn in the weft only.

Referring to Fig 1, to a base thread I of low twist cellulose acetate filaments of say to denier, two -denier threads 2 of voluminous cellulose acetate are fed intermittently and twisted with the base thread to 40 turns per inch Z-twist. The rate of feed of the threads 2 is such that some 3-3 /2 inches of each of these threads are doubled with each one inch length of the thread I. produce flakes 3 of the voluminous yarn along the base thread I. tion abinding thread 4 of 100-150 denier viscose crepe (with 30 or so turns per inch S-twist) is doubled roundthe assembly with about 10 or 12 turns per inch S-twist.

Figs. 2-5 of the accompanying drawing show four forms of weave suitable forfabrics in which the composite yarns are used in both warp and weft. It will be seen in each case that both the warp yarns and the weft yarns float at intervals, but between the floats are securely interlaced with each other.

Figs. 6 and 7 show weaves suitable for the use of the composite yarn in the weft only, the warp being composed of plain yarns of fine deniers. Here again, the weft yarns will be seen to float with secure interlacings between each float. A special feature of the fabrics woven according to Figs. 6 and 7 is that the main effect of the composite yarn is thrown on to the face of the fabric.

Fabrics woven as just described show an astrakhan or similar fur-like appearance, or in some cases have a cloqu effect because of the protuberance of the long flakes of the voluminous material in the composite yarns. When a crpe thread is used as the binder, the shrinkage of this thread further accentuates the flaky characteristics of the composite yarn, and also imparts a compactness to the finished fabrics.

The result of the doubling is to To secure the flakes in posi- Having described our invention, what we desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A composite yarn, comprising a predominating component consisting of one or more low twist voluminous crimped yarns of continuous filament origin doubled, by a substantial amount of doubling twist, with a base thread, the length of said predominating component being substantially greater than the length of said base thread,

. and a binding thread doubled with a smaller amountof doubling twist about the assembly of the predominant component and the base thread.

2. A composite yarn, of which at least 70% by weight is constitutedby a predominating component consisting of at least one lowtwist voluminous crimped yarn of continuous filament origin, said composite yarn comprising also a base thread substantially shorter in length than said crimped yarn and doubled by a substantial amount of doubling twist with said crimped yarn, and a binding thread doubled with a smaller amount of doubling twist about the assembly of said crimped yarn and said base thread.

3. A composite yarn, of which at least 70% by weight is constituted -by a' predominating component consisting of at least one low twist voluminous crimped yarn of continuous filament origin, said composite yarn comprising also a base thread substantially shorter in length than said crimped yarn and doubled by a substantial amount of doubling twist with said crimped yarn, and a binding thread having a high degree of twist and doubled with a smaller amount of doubling twist about the assembly of saidcrimped yarn and said base thread.

a 4. A composite yarn, of which at least 70% by weight is constituted by a predominating component consisting of at least one low twist voluminous crimped yarn of continuous filament origin, said composite yarn comprising also a base thread substantially shorter in length than said crimped yarn and doubled by a substantial amount of doubling twist with said crimped, yarn, and a crepe twisted binding thread doubled with a smaller amount of doubling twist about the 'as-' sembly of said crimped yarn and said base thread.

5. A composite yarn, of which at least 70% by weight is constituted by a predominating component consisting of at least one low twist voluminous crimped yarn of continuous filament origin,

. said composite yarn comprising also a low-twist continuous filament base thread substantially shorter in length than said crimped yarn and doubled by a substantial amount of doubling twist with said crimped yarn, and a binding thread doubled with a smaller amount of doubling twist about the assembly of said crimped yarn and said base thread. g

6. A composite yarn, of which at least 70% by weight is constituted by a predominating component consisting of at least one low twist voluminous crimped yarn of continuous filament origin, said composite yarn comprising also a stretched continuous filament low-twist thread of an organic derivative of cellulose substantially shorterthan said crimped yarn, constituting a base thread doubled by a substantial amount of doubling twist with said crimped yarn, and a binding thread doubled with a smaller amount of doubling twist about the assembly of said crimped yarn and said base thread.

7.- A composite yarn, of whichat least 70% by weight is constituted bya predominating comsaid composite yarn comprising also a stretched and saponified continuous filament low-twist thread of cellulose-acetate substantially shorter than said crimped yarn, constituting a base thread doubled by a substantial amount of doubling twist with said crimped yarn, and a binding thread doubled with a smaller amount of doubling twist about the assembly of said crimped yarn and said base thread.

8. A composite yarn, of which at least 70% by weight isconstituted by a predominating compoponent consisting of at least one low twist voluminous crimped yarn of continuous filament origin,

.nent consisting of a plurality of low twist voluminous crimped yarns of continuous filament origin,

said composite yarn comprising also a stretched continuous filament low-twist thread of' an organic derivative of cellulose substantially shorter than said crimped yarns, constituting a base thread doubled by a substantial amount of doubling twist with said crimped yarns, and a binding thread doubled with a smaller amount of doubling twist about the assembly of said crimped yarns and said base thread.

10. A composite yarn, of which at least by weight is constituted by a predominating component consisting of a plurality. of low twist voluminous crimped yarns of continuous filament origin, said composite yarn comprising also a stretched and saponified continuous filament low-twist thread of cellulose acetate substantially shorter than said crimped yarns constituting a base thread doubled by a substantial amount of doubling twist with said'crimped yarns, and a binding thread doubled with a smaller amount of doubling twist about the assembly of said crimped yarns and said base thread.

11. A woven fabric containing in its woven structure composite yarns each comprising a predominating component consisting of one or more low twist voluminous crimped yarns of continu-. ous filament origin doubled by a substantial amount of doubling twist, with a base thread, the length of said predominating component being substantially greater than the length of said base thread, and a binding thread doubled with a smaller amount of doubling twist about 'the asf sembly of the predominant component and the base thread, said composite yarns being given in the fabric a series of long floats alternating with periods of compact interlacing in the fabric.

12. A woven fabric containing as part of its woven structure composite yarns of each of which at least 70% by weight is constituted by a predominating component consisting of a plurality of low twist voluminous crimped yarns of continuous filament origin, said composite yarns comprising also a stretched continuousfilament low-- twist thread or an organic derivative of cellulose substantially shorter than said crimped yarns, constituting a base thread doubled by a substantial v amount of doubling twist with said crimpedyarn s,

and a binding'thread doubled with a smaller amount of doubling twist about the assembly of said crimped yarns and said base thread, said composite yarns beinggiven in the fabric a series of long floats alternating with periods of compact interlacing in the fabric.

13. A woven fabric containing as part of its woven structure composite yarns of each of which at least 70% by weight is constituted by a predominating component consisting of a plurality of low twist voluminous crimped yarns of continuous filament origin, said composite yarns comprising also a stretched and saponifled continuous filament low-twist thread of cellulose acetate substantially shorter than said crimped yarns con- ANGUS SMITH BELL. WILLIAM CAMPBELL ANGUS. 

